GENAI 101 - Module 1: Music

Lesson 1.4: Voice, Ownership, and Ethics in AI Music

Estimated time: 75 minutes. Competencies: AI ethics literacy, AI feedback evaluation.

Video: Lesson 1.4: Voice, Ownership, and Ethics in AI Music. Four-minute introduction: the four ethical questions, the six-step case framework, and why an AI's account of the law must be verified. (Instructor: build with make_videos.py or record and embed your own.)
Music Lesson Four. Recorded by the instructor for the 2025 pilot of this program.

Learning objectives

By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

  1. Explain four ethical questions raised by GenAI in music: training data and consent, voice and likeness, ownership and copyright, and disclosure.
  2. Analyze a real case using a structured ethics framework and take a defensible position.
  3. Write an attribution statement for an AI-assisted musical work that names the human and machine contributions.
  4. Evaluate a text model's account of a legal or ethical question and identify where it is uncertain, outdated, or wrong.

Warm-up: whose song is it? (5 minutes)

Think about the song you made in Lesson 1.1. List everyone and everything that contributed to it: you, the model, the people whose recordings trained the model, the company that built it, the tool that mixed it. Now ask: who should be credited, who should be paid, and who was asked? Keep the list; you will return to it.

Key ideas

Four questions every AI music project raises

1. Training data and consent. Text-to-music models learn from large collections of recordings. In many cases the artists whose work was used were not asked and were not paid. Some companies have licensing deals; others rely on arguments about fair use that courts are still testing. As an educator, you do not have to settle the law, but you do have to be honest with students that the tool's fluency rests on other people's work.

2. Voice and likeness. Models can imitate a recognizable singer's voice. Several jurisdictions treat a person's voice as part of their right of publicity, and some have passed laws specifically about AI voice cloning. The course rule is simple: do not clone the voice or signature style of a real, named artist. Prompt for a type of voice ("husky tenor"), not a person.

3. Ownership and copyright. In the United States, the Copyright Office has stated that works generated entirely by AI without human authorship are not eligible for copyright, while works with meaningful human creative contribution can be, to the extent of that contribution. That means your lyrics and your arrangement choices may be protectable; the raw generation may not be. Tools' terms of service also differ on who may use outputs commercially, and free tiers often restrict this. Read the terms before you release anything.

4. Disclosure. Audiences, students, and collaborators deserve to know when AI was involved. Disclosure protects trust and models good practice. It is the reason for the one-line credit under every artifact in this course.

A framework for taking a position

When you analyze a case, work through these steps and write a sentence for each:

StepAsk
StakeholdersWho is affected: artists, listeners, students, companies, the public?
Harms and benefitsWhat does each stakeholder gain or lose?
ConsentWas permission sought from the people whose work or likeness was used?
TransparencyWas the AI role disclosed?
AlternativesCould the same goal have been reached with less harm?
PositionWhat should have happened, and what rule would you set in your classroom?

Text models are not legal counsel

Later in this lesson you will ask a text model to summarize a legal question. Expect a confident, fluent answer that may be out of date or simply wrong. Models are trained on text up to a cutoff, they blend jurisdictions, and they sometimes invent case names. Treat the answer as a first draft to verify, and note every claim you cannot confirm from a primary source (a court filing, a government office, the tool's own terms).

Activity: analyze a case and write your attribution (55 minutes)

  1. Choose a case. Pick one: - A 2023 viral track used AI-cloned voices of two major recording artists and was removed from streaming platforms after their label objected. - A record label group sued two text-to-music companies in 2024, alleging their models were trained on copyrighted recordings without a license. - A music teacher used an AI tool to generate an accompaniment track for a school concert program and listed it as "arranged by" the teacher.
  2. Research the facts. Find two sources: one news report and one primary source (a court filing, a statement from the Copyright Office, or the tool's terms). Note the dates.
  3. Ask a text model to summarize the legal and ethical issues in the case. Paste the answer into your notes.
  4. Evaluate the model's answer. Mark each claim as confirmed, unconfirmed, or wrong based on your two sources. Count how many fall in each category.
  5. Apply the framework. Write one sentence for each of the six steps. End with your position.
  6. Write your attribution statement for the song from Lesson 1.1, using this template and adapting it:

"Lyrics written by [name]. Melody, arrangement, and vocals generated with [tool and version] from those lyrics and a style prompt written by [name]. Final mix edited by [name] in [tool]. This work includes AI-generated material and is shared for educational use."

  1. Save the case analysis and attribution as a PDF named Lesson-1-4_LastName_Ethics.pdf.

Create and share

Post in the Lesson 1.4 Forum:

Then reply to two peers who took a different position or analyzed a different case. Engage with their reasoning, not just their conclusion.

Resources

Reflection prompts

  1. Which of the four questions do you think your future students will care about most, and why?
  2. What did the text model get wrong, and how would you have known without your sources?
  3. Has this lesson changed how you feel about the song you made in Lesson 1.1?